磨床的種類多、應用廣、對于加工人員也有一定的要求。很多時候我們需要加工高精度的工件，那磨床的哪些因素會影響工件加工的精度呢?今天磨床生產(chan)廠家 勤龍磨床的(de)小編來帶大家看(kan)一下，讓大家對(dui)于磨床有更深的(de)了解。

1. 磨床的幾何精度

機床制造或多或少有誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)。這(zhe)種誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)將在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)加工(gong)(gong)時不同程度(du)反映到(dao)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)上來，而影(ying)響其(qi)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)精度(du)。一般(ban)有主軸的(de)(de)徑向跳動(dong)和軸向竄動(dong)，工(gong)(gong)作臺(tai)等(deng)運(yun)動(dong)部件(jian)移動(dong)的(de)(de)直線度(du)，工(gong)(gong)作部件(jian)的(de)(de)相互位(wei)置(zhi)誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)和傳動(dong)誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)等(deng)。

砂(sha)輪主(zhu)軸(zhou)的(de)徑(jing)向跳(tiao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)(he)軸(zhou)向竄動(dong)(dong)(dong)及(ji)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)頭(tou)架(jia)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)誤(wu)差大(da)，不(bu)(bu)僅影響磨(mo)(mo)削后的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件表面粗糙(cao)度(du)，還會使工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件產(chan)生圓(yuan)(yuan)度(du)和(he)(he)(he)端面跳(tiao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，造成磨(mo)(mo)削過(guo)程中(zhong)火花不(bu)(bu)均勻。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺移動(dong)(dong)(dong)在垂(chui)直面不(bu)(bu)垂(chui)直時(shi)(shi)，在內(nei)、外(wai)圓(yuan)(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)上，影響工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件母線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)直線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)性，在平面磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)磨(mo)(mo)削平面，造成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件平面度(du)誤(wu)差大(da)。外(wai)圓(yuan)(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)的(de)砂(sha)輪主(zhu)軸(zhou)軸(zhou)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)(he)內(nei)圓(yuan)(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)砂(sha)輪軸(zhou)軸(zhou)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件頭(tou)架(jia)軸(zhou)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)不(bu)(bu)等高，在磨(mo)(mo)削內(nei)、外(wai)錐體時(shi)(shi)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件母線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是雙曲線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。砂(sha)輪主(zhu)軸(zhou)軸(zhou)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺移動(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)向不(bu)(bu)平行，影響磨(mo)(mo)削后的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件端面平直度(du)。磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)的(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)誤(wu)差，對(dui)螺紋磨(mo)(mo)削和(he)(he)(he)齒輪磨(mo)(mo)削的(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度(du)影響很大(da)。

2. 磨床的剛度

它是指磨床(chuang)承受外力(磨削(xue)力)時(shi)，其部件(jian)(jian)(jian)抵(di)抗變(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)能(neng)力。也(ye)即是在同樣的(de)(de)磨削(xue)力的(de)(de)情況下，部件(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)形(xing)越小(xiao)(xiao)，表示剛度(du)(du)越大(da)。反之，部件(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)形(xing)大(da)，表示此(ci)部件(jian)(jian)(jian)剛度(du)(du)就小(xiao)(xiao)。這些變(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)，破壞了磨床(chuang)靜態的(de)(de)原始幾何精(jing)度(du)(du)，將(jiang)引起工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)誤差的(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)。所以剛度(du)(du)好(hao)的(de)(de)機床(chuang)，工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)高。

3. 熱變形

磨床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)內部的(de)(de)(de)熱源分布不(bu)(bu)(bu)均(jun)勻，各(ge)個(ge)部位在運動(dong)中產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)熱量多少也不(bu)(bu)(bu)同，外界(jie)熱源對機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)各(ge)部位的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)樣，零部件(jian)因材料不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)熱膨脹(zhang)系(xi)數也不(bu)(bu)(bu)相同，造成機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)各(ge)部分不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)微量變形(xing)，使機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)原始幾(ji)何精(jing)度下(xia)降，而影響(xiang)工(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)精(jing)度。所(suo)以精(jing)密磨床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)最好(hao)安裝(zhuang)在恒溫室使用，以防止溫度的(de)(de)(de)變化對機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)和工(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)度產(chan)生影響(xiang)。

4. 磨床運動部件爬行

磨床(chuang)(chuang)工(gong)作臺砂輪架等運動(dong)部件(jian)在作微量(liang)周期進給或低速連續移動(dong)時，出(chu)現運動(dong)不均(jun)勻的現象(xiang)，通(tong)稱(cheng)為(wei)爬行。當磨床(chuang)(chuang)有這種現象(xiang)發生時，使磨削(xue)過程中的進給不均(jun)勻，而影響(xiang)工(gong)件(jian)磨削(xue)表面粗(cu)糙度。

5. 磨床的振動

磨(mo)床在(zai)磨(mo)削過程(cheng)中產生振動(dong)，使砂輪和(he)工(gong)件問相對位(wei)置發生周期性(xing)的變動(dong)，使工(gong)件表面產生振紋，嚴重影響加工(gong)質量和(he)精度。

以上就(jiu)是(shi)磨(mo)床生產廠家勤龍磨(mo)床小編整理的(de)關(guan)于磨(mo)床加工精度的(de)相關(guan)內容，除了我(wo)們上述提到的(de)幾個影響因素之外(wai)，還(huan)有使用的(de)工藝方法等，這些都是(shi)我(wo)們需(xu)要注(zhu)意的(de)內容。